General Science MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for General Science - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is -Charles Darwin.

Key Points

• Charles Darwin
  • He was a British geologist, biologist, and naturalist who lived in the 19th century.
  • His groundbreaking discovery greatly influenced the field of evolutionary biology.
  • His theory that all living things are derived from a single ancestor is now widely acknowledged as a cornerstone of scientific thought.
  • With the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, Darwin presented the world with a strong case for his theory of evolution.
  • Since Darwin's time, the theory of natural selection via descent with modification has been the standard scientific explanation for species diversity.
  • The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) followed The Descent of Man (1871), in which he explored human development and sexual selection (1872).

Additional Information

• Alfred Wagener
  • German scientist Alfred Wegener studied climate, geology, geophysics, meteorology, and polar regions.
  • In 1912, he proposed the idea that the continents could be moving slightly as Earth rotates, a theory that has come to be known as the continental drift hypothesis.
  • Up until the 1950s, his theory was mainly disregarded by established geologists.
  • Numerous discoveries in the!950s, such as palaeomagnetism, provide substantial support for continental drift.
• Confucious
  • He is one of the great Chinese thinkers and statesmen.
  • He is idolized as the pinnacle of all Chinese philosophers.
  • The ideas and teachings of Confucius serve as the foundation for East Asian social and cultural norms.
  • Its influence on China and the rest of East Asia continues today.
  • His philosophy, known as Confucianism, centered on the need for proper conduct in social interactions, fair treatment of others, honesty, and integrity in governance.
• Sigmund Freud
  • Psychoanalysis may be traced back to this Austrian neurologist.
  • Freud established the key importance of transference in the analytic process via the development of therapeutic approaches like free association and the discovery of transference.
  • Since Freud redefined sexuality to encompass its infantile aspects, the Oedipus complex has become the cornerstone of psychoanalytical thought.

• The correct answer is option 4, i.e., Zinc is more reactive than tin.
• Food cans are coated with tin and NOT zinc because zinc is more reactive than tin.
• Zinc being more reactive, it reacts with the organic acids present in the food. Due to this it can get dissolved in the food substance and make the food poisonous.
• It is due to this reason that tin, a less reactive metal is used.

Name of the alloy	Made up of
Brass	Copper and Zinc
Bronze	Copper and Tin
German Silver	Copper, Zinc, and Nickel
Nickel Steel	Iron and Nickel

• Centre of gravity is an imaginary point in a body of matter where the entire weight of an object acts.
• This is sometimes useful in designing static structures (e.g., buildings and bridges) or tp predict the behaviour of a moving body when it is acted on by gravity.

The correct answer is Vitamin K.

Key Points 

Vitamin K

• Vitamin K is called antihemorrhagic.
• It is found in the green leaves of plants, as well as in those parts of plants that contain chlorophyll, a lot of it in berries of mountain ash, as well as in the liver.
• Vitamin K is needed for the posttranslational modification of proteins required for blood coagulation.
• Vitamin K is involved in metabolism pathways, bone mineralization, cell growth, and metabolism of the blood vessel wall.

Vitamin K injection:

• It is used to treat bleeding (hemorrhage or threatened hemorrhage) associated with a low blood level of prothrombin or factor VII.
• It is recommended that vitamin K be given IV, and not IM until coagulation parameters normalize to minimize the risk of hematoma at the injection site.
• 1 mg IM/subcutaneous is the FDA-approved dosage.
• Neonate has low plasma concentrations and low levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
• Therefore, immediately after the birth, Vitamin K will be administered to the newborn in order to prevent bleeding.

Additional Information

Vitamins :

• Vitamins are organic substances that are required for the proper functioning of the body.
•  Vitamins are divided into two groups:
• Fat-soluble (Vit. A, D, E, and K)
• Water-soluble ( Vitamins of B group and Vit. C).

The correct answer is Melatonin.

Key Points

• The pituitary Gland is present below the hypothalamus.
• It is divided into 2 parts, viz. adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
• Adenohypophysis is called anterior pituitary and neurohypophysis is called posterior pituitary.
• It controls the secretion of most of the hormones.
• It secretes various hormones, like growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, oxytocin, vasopressin, gonadotropin, etc.
• Melatonin hormone is produced by the brain in response to darkness.
• Melatonin production can be affected when someone is exposed to light in the darkness.
• Melatonin supplements may help with certain conditions, such as jet lag, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, etc.

The correct answer is Protein synthesis.

Key Points

• Ribosomes are membranous granular structures present in the cytoplasm.
• They were first observed under an electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade in the year 1953.
• Ribosomes are the site for ''protein synthesis'' so they are also called the ''protein factory'' of the cell.
• There are two types of ribosomes

1. Eukaryotic ribosomes - 80s - occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell
2. Prokaryotic ribosomes - 70s - occur in the cytoplasm as well as are associated with the cell membrane of prokaryotic cell.

• The subunits of the ribosomes are:
  • 80s ribosomes - are made of 60s and 40s subunits.
  • 70s ribosomes - are made of 50s and 30s subunits.

Important Points

• Composition of the structure of ribosome:
• They are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins

• Photosynthesis: It is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. In this process, plant the chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and release oxygen.
• Synthesis of Fatty acids occurs in the cytoplasm.

CONCEPT:

• Wave: The disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another is called a wave.

There are mainly two types of waves:

1. Transverse waves: The wave in which the movement of the particles is at right angles to the motion of the energy is called a transverse wave. Light is an example of a transverse wave.
2. Longitudinal wave: The wave in which the movement of the particles is parallel to the motion of the energy is called a longitudinal wave. The sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave.

EXPLANATION:

• Light-wave is a transverse wave because its components vibrate perpendicular to its direction of propagation. So option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is Bile juice, Pancreatic juice.

Key Points

• Bile juice, Pancreatic juice secreted by the organs plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
• Bile juice is secreted by the liver.
  • It does not contain any types of enzymes.
  • The bile juice helps to make the food alkaline and break down the fat molecules.
• Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas.
  • It contains enzymes like amylase, trypsin, pancreatic lipase, nucleases and lipase.
  • Secretion of the Pancreatic juice is regulated by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin.
• Lipase is the digestive enzyme of fat.
• Ptyalin is the digestive enzyme of the Saliva.
• Hydrochloric acid is produced naturally in the human stomach to help the digestion of food.

The correct answer is Newton's first law.

Key Points

• Newton's laws of motion-
  • ​Newton’s first law states that, if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by force.
    • This postulate is known as the law of inertia. The law of inertia was first formulated by Galileo Galilei for horizontal motion on Earth and was later generalized by René Descartes.
    • Before Galileo, it had been thought that all horizontal motion required a direct cause. Still, Galileo deduced from his experiments that a body in motion would remain in motion unless a force (such as friction) caused it to come to rest.
  • Newton’s second law is a quantitative description of the changes that a force can produce in a body's motion.
    • It states that the time rate of change of a body's momentum is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it.
    • The momentum of a body is equal to the product of its mass and its velocity. Momentum, like velocity, is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
    • A force applied to a body can change the magnitude of the momentum, direction, or both.
    • For a body whose mass m is constant, it can be written in F = ma, where F (force) and an (acceleration) are vector quantities.
    • If a body has a net force acting on it, it is accelerated by the equation. Conversely, if a body is not accelerated, there is no net force acting on it.
  • Newton’s third law states that when two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
  • The third law is also known as the law of action and reaction. This law is important in analyzing static equilibrium problems, where all forces are balanced, but it also applies to bodies in uniform or accelerated motion.
  • The forces it describes are real ones, not mere bookkeeping devices. For example, a book resting on a table applies a downward force equal to its weight on the table.
  • According to the third law, the table applies an equal and opposite force to the book. This force occurs because the book's weight causes the table to deform slightly so that it pushes back on the book like a coiled spring.

The correct answer is Whale.

Key Points

• Gills are respiratory organs found in most aquatic organisms.
• Gills can extract dissolved oxygen from water and excrete carbon dioxide.
• Gills can be found in Octopus, Squid, Clownfish, Tadpole, Prawn, etc.
• Lungs are the breathing organ of Whales.

Additional InformationRespiratory organs of different Animals:

Concept:

Photosynthesis: 

• The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.
• It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight.
• This energy is used to synthesise (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water. Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis.

In the presence of sunlight Carbon dioxide + water → Carbohydrate + oxygen.

• Some plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis.
• The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as

                   6CO2 + 6H2O + Sun-Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Plant cells have a cell wall to protect them and make them rigid structure.

Explanation:

1. Plants convert energy from sunlight into food stored as carbohydrate’s - Correct

2. Plants have chlorophyll. - Correct

3. Plant cells do not have cell walls. - Incorrect.

Additional Information

In the plant cells, there are different components and organelles for specific functions-

• Cell Wall – It is a rigid layer composed of cellulose. It is the outermost layer of the cell, below this cell membrane is present. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and provide structural support to the cell.
• Cell Membrane – It is a semi-permeable membrane that helps in regulating and the substance for entry and exit inside and outside the cell.
• Nucleus – It is a vital part of the cell as it contains all the information or DNA of the cell and their heredity information for growth and cell division.
• Vacuole – Most of the part of the plant cell is occupied by the vacuole. It is surrounded by Tonoplast. The vital role of the vacuole is to provide support again the pressure of the cell wall.
• Golgi apparatus – They act as a transport system in the cell, as they transport various molecules to a different part of the cell.
• Ribosomes – They are the sites of protein synthesis, also termed as the protein factory of the cell.
• Mitochondrion – They break the complex molecules and produce energy and hence called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Lysosomes – They are termed suicidal bags as they hold the enzymes that are capable to digest the whole cell itself.

An earthworm is a tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum Annelida. They are commonly found living in soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter.

The correct answer is Both chloroplast and mitochondria

Concept:

Theory of endosymbiosis:-

• Symbiotic relationship, where one organism lives inside the other, is known as endosymbiosis. 
• The theory proposed that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from engulfed prokaryotes.
• A large anaerobic bacteria engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host, gradually developing into a mitochondrion.
• It is believed that chloroplasts originated from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont.

Explanation:

Similarities between Prokaryotic cells, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast:

• Mitochondria and chloroplast are of the same size as prokaryotic cells.
• Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells both have their own circular DNA.
• The ribosome of bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have a 70S type of ribosome.
• Divides by binary fission.

• Vitamin K is a vitamin found in leafy green vegetables, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts.
• In the body, vitamin K plays a major role in blood clotting. So it is used to reverse the effects of “blood-thinning” medications when too much is given; to prevent clotting problems in newborns who don’t have enough vitamin K, and to treat bleeding caused by medications.

Tricks:

The correct answer is At the centre of the Earth.

• The centre of the Earth is such that if we are at that place, the mass around us can be considered to be condensed at the surface of the Earth itself, i.e considering the Earth as a spherical shell.
• Inside a spherical shell, there is no change in potential as one moves inside, and since only a change in potential implies a force there is no force.
• Hence the acceleration due to gravity is zero at the centre of the Earth.