Deficiency of which of the following vitamins in the human diet causes a disease called xerophthalmia?

The correct answer is Vitamin A.

Key Points

• Xerophthalmia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A in the human diet, making Vitamin A the correct answer.
• Vitamin A is essential for maintaining good eyesight and supporting the immune system.
• A deficiency in Vitamin A leads to xerophthalmia, a condition that can cause dryness of the conjunctiva, night blindness, and even total blindness if left untreated.
• Xerophthalmia, essentially meaning "dry eyes", can ultimately lead to corneal ulceration and scarring, which might end in blindness.
• The initial stage of Vitamin A deficiency includes symptoms like trouble seeing in low light and increased susceptibility to infections.
• Combating Vitamin A deficiency is especially important in developing regions or areas with poor or limited food supply, as Vitamin A is mostly found in foods like leafy green vegetables, orange and yellow vegetables, fruit, dairy products, liver, and fish.

Additional Information

• Vitamin K
  • Vitamin K is primarily needed for the process of blood clotting, which helps the body prevent excessive bleeding, both internally and externally.
  • Deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to problems with blood clotting, which might result in excessive bleeding. This could be particularly dangerous in cases of injury or surgery.
  • Apart from that, it is crucial for bone health. A deficiency can lead to lower bone density and an increased risk of fractures.
• Vitamin C
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential vitamin well-known for its role in supporting a healthy immune system.
  • Vitamin C is also necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues. It's involved in many body functions, including the formation of collagen, absorption of iron, proper functioning of the immune system, wound healing, and maintenance of cartilage, bones, and teeth.
  • A deficiency of Vitamin C over a long period can cause Scurvy. The symptoms of Scurvy include fatigue, swollen joints, anaemia, bleeding gums and loose teeth, and dry skin or hair.
• Vitamin D
  • Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that primarily aids calcium absorption, promoting growth and mineralization of your bones.
  • Vitamin D deficiency would potentially lead to conditions such as Rickets in children, which manifests as skeletal and dental deformities, and Osteomalacia in adults, a condition wherein bones become soft and weak.
  • Besides its core role, vitamin D also influences various other bodily processes, including immune function and protection against cancer.