Communication MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Communication - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

The Correct answer is ​Theodore M Newcomb.

Key Points

• Theodore M Newcomb’s Model of Communication (1953):
  • ​In 1953, Theodore Newcomb from the University of Michigan published a work titled "An Approach to the Study of Communicative Acts," which later became renowned as Newcomb's model. 
  • It is sometimes referred to as the "ABX" model due to its triangular or A-B-X system format.
  • The ABX model of communication is so named because it conceptualizes communication through three components:
    • ​two interacting parties (A and B) engaging in communication about a specific topic or object (X). 
  • Newcomb's perspective views communication as a "learned response to strain," arising from disparities between orientations.
  • The primary social function of communication, according to Newcomb, is to preserve equilibrium within the social system by managing these differing orientations.

Additional Information

• Dean C. Barnlund:
  • ​Dean Barnlund proposed the Transaction Model of Communication, which conceptualizes communication as a dynamic process where individuals construct social realities within various social, relational, and cultural settings. In this model, communication goes beyond the simple exchange of messages; instead, it serves multiple purposes for nurses:
    • Create relationships.
    • Form intercultural alliances.
    • Shape self-concept.
    • Engage with others in dialogue to create communities.
• Westley & MacLean:
  • ​The Westley and MacLean communication model, developed in 1957 by Bruce Westley and Malcolm S. MacLean Jr., applies to both interpersonal and mass communication.
  • The primary differentiation between the two lies in feedback: interpersonal communication involves direct and prompt feedback, whereas mass communication relies on indirect and slower feedback.
  • Westley and MacLean recognized that the communication process initiates when an individual receives a message from their surroundings.
•  Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication (1949):
  • ​In 1949, Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver introduced the first significant communication model for Bell Laboratories, laying the groundwork for various communication models and significantly improving the communication process across different fields.
  • The key features of this model include its linear nature, technical simplicity, clear identification of content or message (though challenging to interpret semantically), the dominant role of the information source as a decision-maker, and the impact/effectiveness of noise as a disruptive factor.

The correct answer is E, B, C, D, A.

Key Points

• Oral Communication:
  • Oral communication, which involves spoken words and gestures, is the oldest and most primitive form of human communication.
  • It predates recorded history and has been the primary means of communication for early human societies.
• Written Communication:
  • Written communication emerged as civilizations developed writing systems.
  • The earliest known writing systems date back to around 3200 BCE (such as cuneiform in Mesopotamia and hieroglyphs in Egypt).
  • This form of communication allowed information to be recorded and transmitted over time and space.
• Telecommunication:
  • Telecommunication, which involves the transmission of information over long distances, began with inventions like the telegraph (1837) and later the telephone (1876).
  • These innovations revolutionized long-distance communication by enabling real-time voice and text transmission over wires.
• Mass Communication:
  • ​ Mass communication evolved as print media, such as newspapers and magazines, became widely available in the 17th and 18th centuries.
  • Mass printing allowed information to be disseminated to a broad audience.
  • Later developments, like radio (early 20th century) and television (mid-20th century), further expanded mass communication by reaching even larger audiences.
• Internet-Based Communication:
  • ​Internet-based communication is the most recent form on this list.
  • The internet became a widespread communication platform in the late 20th century, starting in the 1960s with the development of ARPANET.
  • It has since evolved to include email, social media, video conferencing, and various other digital communication tools.
  • Internet-based communication has transformed how people connect and share information on a global scale.

The correct answer is "Shannon and Weaver".

Key Points

• Shannon and Weaver's Model of communication-
  • ​Shannon and Weaver (1949) provided a visual mode of a communication system in relation to electronic media popularly referred to as Shannon and Weaver's model of communication or the ‘Mathematical model of communication’.
  • The communication model was initially published in the 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication and explains communication in terms of five basic components-  A source, A transmitter, A channel, A receiver, and A destination.
  • They said, "The amount of information in a message depends on the size of the words contained in the message".

Additional Information

• Shannon-
  • Claude Elwood Shannon was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer.
  • He is also known as the "father of information theory".
• Weaver-
  • Warren Weaver was an American scientist, mathematician, and science administrator.
  • He is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of machine translation.
  • He authored the book "The Mathematical Theory of Communication" which was a republish of Claude Shannon's 1948 articles on "communication theory".

The correct answer is E. Katz, M. Gurevitch, and H. Haas.

Key Points

• Katz, Gurevitch, and Haas said, "A number of basic human needs can be identified from the social and psychological functions of the mass media"
• Katz, Gurevitch, and Haas (1973) categorized 35 needs derived from the social and psychological roles of mass media into five groups:
  • Cognitive needs, such as acquiring information, knowledge, and understanding.
  • Affective needs, encompass emotions, pleasure, and feelings.
  • Personal integrative needs, include factors like credibility, stability, and status.
  • Social integrative needs, involve interaction with family and friends.
  • Tension release needs, catering to activities like escape and diversion.

Additional Information

• The Hypodermic Syringe model posits that mass media exerts a direct, immediate, and influential impact on audiences by delivering information directly into the collective consciousness of the masses (Watson & Hill, 1997)
• In a 1974 study by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch, five key assumptions were outlined to establish a framework for understanding the relationship between media and audiences:
  • Active Audience:
  • Audience Initiative:
  • Competition with Other Sources
  • Self-Reported Goals
  • Cultural Neutrality
• McGuire (1974) proposed a more detailed breakdown of audience motivations, drawing from a general theory of human needs. He introduced two fundamental types of needs: cognitive and affective.

The correct answer is Facial expression and eye movement.

Key PointsKinesics:

• It is all about communication through body movements, such as gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
• It is a kind of Non-verbal communication.

Haptics:

• It refers to the use of touch to communicate, for example, shaking hands, holding hands, patting, etc.

Proxemics:

• It refers to the use of interpersonal space, like how far a person is standing from the other, which can communicate different meanings.

Additional Information

• The word ‘Communication’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Communis, which means ‘sharing'.
• The imparting conveying or exchanging of ideas and
  knowledge whether by speech, writing, or signs.
• Communication can be Verbal and Non-Verbal.
  • Verbal Communication- It refers to the use of words.
  •  Non-Verbal Communication-  It includes actions such as gestures, vocalizations, facial expressions, and other behavior.

The correct answer is "Books, Periodicals, Conference, Proceedings".

Key Points

• Formal Communication- 
  • The formal channel is an officially prescribed path for the flow of communication among the various positions in the organization.
  • It regulates the flow of organizational communication so as to make it orderly and thereby ensure that information flows smoothly, accurately, and timely to the points to which it is required.
  • It helps in exercising control over subordinates and in the fixation of responsibility in respect of activities carried out by a person in the organization.
  • For example - business letters, reports, orders, other printed modes of transfer, Books, Periodicals, conferences, Proceedings,  etc. 

Additional Information

• Information Communication-
  • For example -  Non-print mode of transfer, Oral mode of transfer, Verbal mode of transfer, etc.
  • It is the method by which people carry on social, non-programmed activities within the formal boundaries of the system.
  • The informal channel of communication, also known as the grapevine, is the result of the operation of social forces at the workplace.
  • For example -  Non-print mode of transfer, Oral mode of transfer, Verbal mode of transfer, etc.

The correct answer is Feedback.

Key Points

• Communication involves the exchange of ideas, and information between sources and receivers.
• There are several components that help in the communication process.
• The communication process involves eight basic elements- source (sender), encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, noise, and feedback.
  • ​Sender- Sender refers to the transmitter or source, who shares and encodes the information.
  • Channel - The medium used to transmit the signal from transmitter to receiver.
  • Receiver - He decodes the message.

  • Feedback - It is the reaction or sending back of the knowledge about the message to the transmitter.

Additional Information

• The word ‘Communication’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Communis’, which means ‘sharing
• The imparting conveying or exchanging of ideas and knowledge whether by speech, writing or signs is called communication.

The Correct answer is Catalogue

Key PointsMessage. The transmitter and receiver are associated with the communication process while the catalog is not associated with Communication.

• Communication Process: 
  • Communication is a two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, and opinions are transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of creating a shared understanding.
• Essential components that make up the communication process:​
  • Sender: The person who conceptualizes the idea and wants it delivered to the recipient.
  • Encoding: The way the information is described or translated into a message.
  • Message: The idea, fact, or opinion that the sender wants to communicate.
  • Communication channel: The method of delivering the message.
  • Receiver: The target audience of the message.
  • Decoding: The interpretation of the message.
  • Feedback: The response or action a receiver takes after decoding a message.
  • Transmitter: A transmitter is an electronic device used in telecommunications to produce radio waves to transmit or send data with the aid of an antenna. The transmitter can generate a radio frequency alternating current that is then applied to the antenna, which, in turn, radiates this as radio waves.

Key Points

• Lasswell's Model of Communication is a linear model that describes the process of communication.
• It was developed by Harold D. Lasswell in 1948.
• The model is structured around five key questions: Who (communicator), Says What (message), In Which Channel (medium), To Whom (receiver), and With What Effect (effect).
• The correct logical order of these components is:
  • Who (B): Refers to the communicator or sender who initiates the communication.
  • Says What (D): Refers to the content or message that is being communicated.
  • In Which Channel (C): Refers to the medium or channel through which the message is transmitted.
  • To Whom (A): Refers to the receiver or audience who receives the message.
  • With What Effect (E): Refers to the impact or effect that the message has on the receiver.

The Correct answer is (i) and (iii).

Key Points

• Shannon Weaver identified three levels of communication problems, which are as follows:
  • Technical Problem: How a channel causes a problem
    • This level involves issues related to the technical aspects of communication channels and how they contribute to problems in the communication process.
  • Semantic Problem: Is the meaning of the message sent and received very different
    • This level focuses on discrepancies in the meaning of the message as intended by the sender and as perceived by the receiver, highlighting potential misunderstandings.
  • Effectiveness Problem: How effectively does the message cause a reaction
    • This level pertains to the effectiveness of the message in eliciting the desired reaction or response, addressing the overall impact and success of the communication.​

Additional Information

• Shannon and Weaver Model-
  • ​Shannon and Weaver (1949) provided a visual mode of a communication system concerning electronic media popularly referred to as Shannon and Weaver's model of communication or the ‘Mathematical model of communication’.
  • The communication model was initially published in the 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication and explains communication in terms of five basic components:
    • A source -  It produces a desired message out of a set of possible messages.
    • A transmitter - It changes the message into signals suitable for transmission.
    • A channel - It carries signals from the transmitter which transfer to the receiver
    • A receiver - It transfers the transmitted signals back into a message
    • A destination - It is the final consumer of the message.