If an AC voltage is applied in a purely capacitive circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current is:

CONCEPT:

Capacitive reactance:

• The capacitive reactance is the opposition offered by the capacitor in an AC circuit to the flow of ac current.
• Its SI unit is Ohm(Ω).
• The capacitive reactance is given as,

\(⇒ X_C=\frac{1}{ω C}=\frac{1}{2π fC}\)

Where ω = angular frequency, f = frequency of ac current and C = capacitance

Impedance:

• Impedance is essentially everything that obstructs the flow of electrons within an electrical circuit.
• For a pure capacitor, the capacitive reactance is equal to the impedance.

AC voltage applied to a capacitor:

• When an AC voltage is applied to a capacitor, the current in the circuit is given as,

\(⇒ I=\frac{V}{X_C}\)

• In a pure capacitor circuit, the current is ahead of the voltage by one-fourth of a period.

EXPLANATION:

• We know that in a pure capacitor circuit, the current is ahead of the voltage by one-fourth of a period.
• So the phase difference between the voltage and the current is π/2. Hence option 2 is correct.