The characteristics of modern programming are:

A. Each module should do only one thing.

B. Communication between modules is allowed only by a calling module.

C. Communication can take place directly between modules that do not have calling - called relationship.

D. All modules are designed as single-entry, single exit systems using control structure.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Each module should do only one thing: This principle is often referred to as the Single Responsibility Principle, which is a part of the SOLID principles of object-oriented design. It ensures that a module or class has only one reason to change, thereby making the code more maintainable and understandable.
• Communication between modules is allowed only by a calling module: This promotes loose coupling and high cohesion between modules, meaning that modules are independent and interactions are limited to well-defined interfaces. This makes the system more modular and easier to test and maintain.
• All modules are designed as single-entry, single-exit systems using control structure: This refers to structured programming, where the flow of control is limited to a few well-defined constructs, such as loops and conditionals. This makes the code easier to follow and reduces the risk of errors.

Additional Information

• Adhering to these principles allows for better modularization of code, making it easier to understand, maintain, and scale.
• It also helps in isolating bugs, as each module can be tested independently.
• Good module design often follows the principle of information hiding, where the internal workings of a module are hidden from other modules.
• These principles are fundamental to modern software development practices, including Agile and DevOps methodologies.