Which of the following defines accuracy in measurement?

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RRB JE ECE 22 Apr 2025 Shift 1 CBT 2 Official Paper
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  1. The variation in measurements due to environmental factors
  2. The closeness of a measured value to the true value
  3. The ability to repeat the same measurement
  4. The smallest change that can be detected by an instrument

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : The closeness of a measured value to the true value
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is: 2) The closeness of a measured value to the true value

Explanation:

Accuracy in measurement refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted reference value. It quantifies the absence of systematic errors (bias).

Key Properties of Accuracy:

  • True Value Proximity: High accuracy means minimal deviation from the actual value.
  • Independent of Precision: A measurement can be accurate but not precise (or vice versa).

Why Not the Other Options?

  1. Variation due to environmental factors → Describes precision (repeatability) or sensitivity to disturbances, not accuracy.

  2. Ability to repeat the same measurement → Defines precision, not accuracy.

  3. Smallest detectable change → Refers to resolution, not accuracy.

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