Chemistry in Everyday Life MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Chemistry in Everyday Life - Download Free PDF

CONCEPT:

Dry Ice

• Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
• It is called "dry ice" because it does not melt into a liquid when heated but instead sublimates directly into carbon dioxide gas.
• This property makes it useful for cooling purposes, especially where the presence of water is undesirable.
• Dry ice is extremely cold, with a temperature of approximately -78.5°C (-109.3°F).

EXPLANATION:

• The question asks which compound is known as "dry ice" in its solid form.
• SiO₂ (Option 1) is silicon dioxide, commonly known as sand or quartz.
• CO₂ (Option 2) is carbon dioxide, which is dry ice in its solid form.
• CaO (Option 3) is calcium oxide, commonly known as quicklime.
• MgO (Option 4) is magnesium oxide, a compound used in refractory applications.

Therefore, dry ice in its solid form is carbon dioxide (CO₂).

The correct answer is Antipyretic.

• Antipyretic is a drug that reduces fever.
  • Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature.
  • The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. 

Additional Information

• Barbiturates are a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches​.
• Antiseptic slows or stops the growth of micro-organisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infections.
• Antibiotics include a range of powerful drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. 
  • They treat bacterial infections. 

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

Why food cans are coated with Tin and not Zinc?

• Zinc is more reactive than Tin. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• If food comes in contact with Zinc, especially acidic food, it may react chemically, leading to:
  • Food contamination
  • Health hazards
  • Faster corrosion of the can
• Tin, although still a metal, is less reactive and forms a protective coating that doesn’t readily react with food, preserving the contents.

Explanation:

Fossil Fuels:

• Fossil fuels are formed by natural processes such as the anaerobic decomposition of buried organisms under heat and pressure.
• Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, natural gas contain high percentages of carbon.
• Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and must be burned to release their energy.
• It releases sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, etc. gases into the atmosphere which causes the greenhouse effect and pollution.

The correct answer is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).

• Some exhaustible natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas,
  • These were formed from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils).
  • So, these are all known as fossil fuels.
• Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food.
  • Earlier, it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine.
  • It is also used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Coal is also used as fuel in various industries.
• Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea.
  • As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay.
• Over millions of years, the absence of air, high temperature and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.
• A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

Concept:

Chemical change:

• During a chemical change, the molecules of the reactants ( original substances) change to form molecules of the products that are substances that undergo chemical transformation to form new substances.
• It is generally irreversible.
• For example: burning of fuels like LPG, petrol, etc, curdling of milk, rusting of iron, etc.

Physical change:

• During a physical change, substances undergo a change in their physical properties, and the formation of no new substance takes place.
• It is generally reversible.
• For example: melting of wax, freezing of water, etc.

Explanation:

• Mixing of sugar change is a physical change because after sugar is dissolved in milk, its properties do not change and do not form a new substance.
• Setting milk into curd is a chemical change because a new substance i.e, lactic acid is formed. Milk does not remain the same and once the curd is formed, milk cannot be reobtained from it.
• Making cottage cheese (paneer) from milk is a chemical change. When an enzyme called rennet is added to milk, cottage cheese is made and this enzyme causes a chemical reaction where the milk solids curdle, separating themselves from the liquid portion of milk. Milk does not remain the same and once the curd is formed, milk cannot be reobtained from it.
• Making buttermilk from curd is a physical change because by making buttermilk from milk, its properties do not change and do not form a new substance.

Therefore, the correct answer is B and C.

The correct answer is Sodium carbonate.

Explanation:

• Washing soda is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3, known as sodium carbonate, and it's a salt of carbonic acid.
• Properties of a Washing soda:
  • It is a transparent crystalline solid.
  • It is one of the few metal carbonates which are soluble in water.
  • It is alkaline with a pH level of 11, it turns red litmus to blue.
  • It has detergent properties or cleansing properties because it can remove dirt and grease from dirty clothes, etc.
  • It attacks dirt and grease to form water-soluble products, which are then washed away on rinsing with water.

Important Points

Some common chemical compounds with their common names are:

The correct answer is Lactic Acid.

Key Points

• Lactic acid is present in Sour milk or curd.
• The sourness of the milk is due to the presence of lactic acid.
• Human beings feel tired due to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is carbohydrates.

Key Points

• An iodine test is used to check the presence of carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds in which the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen is 1: 2: 1.
• Carbohydrates are classified into three major groups:
  • Monosaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• In the iodine test if the sample contains carbohydrates then the sample turns blue-black in colour with a few drops of a potassium iodide solution.

Additional Information

• Proteins are tested using the Biuret test for proteins. 
• Tests to determine fats are the Acrolein test, Baudouin test, and Hubble's test.

Explanation:

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is known as ‘Caustic Soda’.
• Some common chemical compounds with their common names are:

The correct answer is Lithium. 

Explanation:

• Group I elements are called alkali metals because they dissolve in water to form soluble hydroxides.
• To prevent Group I elements from reacting with water moisture in the air they are kept in kerosene oil.
  • Example: Sodium, Potassium.
• But Lithium is the lightest metal and it floats above the kerosene surface and reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture.

So, Lithium is kept in wax.

The correct answer is Antipyretic.

• Antipyretic is a drug that reduces fever.
  • Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature.
  • The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. 

Additional Information

• Barbiturates are a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches​.
• Antiseptic slows or stops the growth of micro-organisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infections.
• Antibiotics include a range of powerful drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. 
  • They treat bacterial infections. 

The Correct Answer is Baking Soda.

• Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) or sodium bicarbonate:
  • Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda.
  • Sodium bicarbonate in baking soda quickly neutralizes stomach acid.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid.
  • It is used in baking products like cakes, cookies, etc.

Additional Information

• Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O):
  • Gypsum is a common sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate.
  • Gypsum is widely used in the manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, etc.
• Washing Soda:
  • It is commonly known as Na₂CO₃ or sodium carbonate.
  • It is used in the softening of hard water.
  • It is commonly used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes.
  • It is also used in the manufacturing of paper, soap, textiles, paints, etc.
• Calcium Hydroxide:
  • It is the chemical formula for Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).
  • It is also known as slaked lime.
  • It is used in sewage treatment, paper production, and food processing, etc.

Explanation:

Uses of metal & non-metals in daily life:

Metals:

• Metals are used in making machinery, automobiles, aeroplanes, trains, satellites, industrial gadgets, cooking utensils, water boilers, etc. 

Non-metals:

• Non-metal is essential for our life which all living beings inhale during breathing (Oxygen).
• Non-metals used in fertilisers to enhance the growth of plants (Nitrogen, Ammonia etc.)
• Non-metal used in water purification process (Potash alum).
• Non-metal used in the purple coloured solution which is applied on wounds (Iodine) as an antiseptic called a tincture. When this solution is applied on the wound, it sterilizes the wound and makes it free from microbial infection and thus prevent the wound from being infected.
• Non-metals used in crackers (Sulphur, phosphorous etc.).

Concept:

Biogas: The mixture of gases that are produced due to the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen is called biogas.

• The major constituent of biogas is Methane and Carbon dioxide while some traces of H2S and ammonia are also there.
• It is released when the Cow, Buffalo, and Pig manure is processed Anaerobically i.e. in the absence of Oxygen.
• Biogas can be used for Space Heating, Generation of Electricity, Fuel for Cooking, etc

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): it is composed of compressed Methane and Ethane.

• It can be used in place of gasoline, diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Explanation:

• The main constituent of both Biogas and CNG is Methane.
• So the correct option is Methane.

Note: Biogas is a Clean Renewable Energy Source and even it is Economically Friendly.

Additional Information

Methane is commonly known as Marsh Gas.

• Methane is the hydrocarbon having the lowest molecular mass with the chemical formula CH4.
• It is called Marsh gas because it is released in huge amounts from marshes where anaerobic bacteria decompose matter.
• It was discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776.
• It is the main constituent of Biogas and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
• It is a Greenhouse gas and its global warming potential is 28 - 36 times as that of CO2.
• Paddy fields are also a huge source of Methane emissions.

The correct answer is Chlorine.

Key Points

• Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking the chemical bonds in their molecules.
  • Disinfectants that are used for this purpose consist of chlorine compounds which can exchange atoms with other compounds, such as enzymes in bacteria and other cells.
  • When enzymes come in contact with chlorine, one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by chlorine.
  • This causes the entire molecule to change shape or fall apart.
  • When enzymes do not function properly, a cell or bacterium will die.
  • Chlorine effectively kills a large variety of microbial waterborne pathogens, including those that can cause typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and Legionnaires' disease. 

Additional Information

• Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Bromine is used in many areas such as agricultural chemicals, dyestuffs, insecticides, pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates.
• Iodine is an essential mineral commonly found in seafood.
• A colourless, odourless gas Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry.
  • It is used to make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives.
  • To make these products, nitrogen must first be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia.