Important Articles MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Important Articles - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

Key Points

Comptroller and Auditor General:

• CAG is an independent authority under the Constitution of India.
• He is the head of the Indian Audit & Account Department and the chief Guardian of the Public purse.
• It is the institution through which the accountability of the government and other public authorities (all those who spend public funds) to Parliament and the State Legislatures and through them to the people is ensured.
• The Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India was created by the Constitution.

It is the  Public Accounts Committee that examines the annual audit reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), which are laid before the Parliament by the President.

• The CAG has to submit three audit reports to the President of India, which are:

1. Audit report on appropriation accounts,
2. Audit report on financial accounts, and
3. Audit report on public undertakings.

Additional Information

Finance Commission:

• The Finance Commission in India is constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. 
• The Finance Commission is a constitutional body that plays a crucial role in the fiscal federalism of India.
• Its primary function is to make recommendations regarding the distribution of financial resources between the central government and the state governments.
• The Finance Commission consists of a chairman and four other members who are appointed by the President.
• The members are typically experts in the fields of economics, finance, or public administration.
• The Commission is tasked with studying various aspects of fiscal matters and making recommendations on matters such as the sharing of taxes, grants-in-aid to states, and other financial arrangements.
• Neither the Prime Minister, Finance Minister, nor the Chief Economic Advisor directly constitute the Finance Commission under Article 280.
• However, the government, including the Prime Minister and the finance minister, has an important role in considering and implementing the recommendations made by the Finance Commission.

Attorney-General for India:

• Article 76 talks about the office of the Attorney General of India.
• The Attorney General of India is part of the Union Executive of India. The Attorney General is the highest law officer in India.
• The Attorney General is the chief legal advisor to the government of India.
• The Attorney General is not considered a government servant. 
• The remuneration of the Attorney General is determined by the President.
• Appointment: Appointed by the President on the advice of the government. 
• The tenure of the Attorney General is not fixed by the Constitution.
• The Attorney General holds office at the pleasure of the government. She/He can be removed by the President at any time.

Election Commission:

• The Election Commission is a permanent and independent body established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
• Article 324 of the Constitution provides that the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of the president of India, and the office of the vice-president of India shall be vested in the election commission.
• The Election Commission is functioning as a multi-member body consisting of three election commissioners.
• The chief election commissioner and the two other election commissioners have equal powers and receive equal salaries, allowances, and other perquisites, which are like those of a judge of the Supreme Court. 
• In case of a difference of opinion amongst the Chief Election Commissioner and/or two other election commissioners, the matter is decided by the Commission by the majority. 
• They hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
• They can resign at any time or can also be removed before the expiry of their term.

The correct answer is A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1.

Key Points

Article 324 :

• ​Article 324 in the Indian Constitution gives power to the Election Commission to direct, control, and conduct elections to all Parliament, to the Legislature of every state, and of elections to the offices of the President and Vice President held under the Constitution.
• Article 324 of the Constitution vests the "superintendence, direction and control of elections" in an Election Commission consisting "of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix".

Article 315 :

• There shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
• Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission to serve the needs of those States.
• Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
• The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
•  References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Article 280

• According to Article 280, the Finance Commission is established for a period of 5 years.
• The Finance Commission is a 'constitutional body' constituted by the President of India which gives its suggestion to the President on the states' share in the taxes of the Center
• Finance Commission is constituted by the President for a period of 5 years.
• The President lays the reports of the Finance commission before both the Houses of the Parliament.
• The finance commission recommends to the President relating to the distribution of the net taxes to be shared between the centre and the states.
• The finance commission consists of a Chairman and four members.

Article 338

• According to Article 338, There shall be a Commission for the Scheduled Castes to be known as the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes.
  • The Special Officer for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall be appointed by the President
  • It is the responsibility of the Special Officer to examine all matters pertaining to the safeguards laid down in this Constitution for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and to report to the President on the operation of such safeguards at such periods as may be ordered by the President, and the President shall make all such reports available to each House of Parliament.
  • References to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall be interpreted in this Article as including references to those other backward groups which the President can, upon receipt of the report of the Commission appointed pursuant to Article 340(1), designated by order and also to the Anglo-Indian community.

The correct answer is Special provision with respect to the state of Nagaland.

Key Points

• In the Constitution of India, States have been provided special provisions under Article 371(A-J).
• Under Article 371 A, Nagaland has been provided with some special status.
• Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.
  • No act of Parliament would apply to the state of Nagaland in the matter relating to religious or social practices of Nagas.
  • The Legislative Assembly of Nagaland must pass a resolution for an act to be applicable to the state.​

Additional Information

• Article 368 is related to constitutional amendments.
• Part XX of the Constitution under Article 368 deals with the amendment of the Constitution.
• Indian constitution provides for three kinds of amendment processes:
  • Amendment by the simple majority.
  • Amendment by the special majority.
  • Amendment by special majority and ratification by the States.

The correct option is Article 21.

• KA Najeeb Vs Union of India:-
  • It​ case deals with the violation of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.  
  • Article 21 is a fundamental right that protects the life and personal liberty of every person.
  • It has been interpreted by the Indian judiciary to include a wide range of rights such as the right to live with dignity, the right to privacy, the right to health, the right to clean environment, the right to education, and the right to speedy trial. 
• Article 16:-
  • It deals with the right to equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
  • It prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, descent, or place of birth when it comes to government jobs
  Article 14:-
  • It​ deals with the right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law.
  • It essentially states that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law, regardless of factors like religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 19:-
  • It deals with the six freedoms of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession or occupation.
  • These are subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the state in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency, or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to an offense.

The correct answer is Part III.

Key Points

• Article 32 of the Indian Constitution gives the right to individuals to move to the Supreme Court to seek justice.
• Under Article 32, the parliament can also entrust any other court to exercise the power of the Supreme Court, provided that it is within its Jurisdiction.
• Article 32 is for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
• The nature of the Writ Jurisdiction provided under this Article is discretionary.

• There are five types of Writs as provided under Article 32 of the Constitution:
  • Habeas Corpus.
  • Quo Warranto.
  • Mandamus.
  • Certiorari.
  • Prohibition.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Mizoram.

• Article 371 provides a special status to the North-Eastern states.
• It aims to preserve their tribal heritage.
• Article 371G is related to the Mizoram, all acts of the Indian parliament related to the Mizo way of living will apply only after the consent of the Mizoram Assembly.

Additional Information

• Other useful Articles:
  • Article 371(B) – State of Assam.
  • Article 371(C)- State of Manipur.
  • Article 371(F) – State of Sikkim.
  • Article 371(H) – State of Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Article 371(G) – State of Mizoram.

The correct answer is 168.

Key Points

 Under Article-168, Constitution of Legislatures in States.

• For every State, there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor.
  • Only Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh out of 28 states have bicameral legislatures, with the remaining states having a unicameral one.
  • In other States, one House.
• There are two Houses of the Legislature of a State, the First Legislative Council and the second Legislative Assembly, and where there is only one House, it shall be known as the Legislative Assembly.

Additional Information

The correct answer is the administration of union territories by the President.

Key Points 

• Article 239
  • Administration of union territories.
  • The president may appoint the governor of the state as the administrator, where he exercises his functions as such administrative independently of his council of ministers

Confusion Points 

• Article 239AA. Special provisions concerning Delhi
  • From the date of commencement of the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991.
  • The Union Territory of Delhi shall be called the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Additional Information

• Part-8 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Union Territory.
• The Union Territory of India is described between articles 239 to 242 in our constitution.
• There were 9 union territories in India but from 26th January 2020, Dadra and Nager Haveli and Daman and Diu are to be combined into a single territory, thus resulting in 8 Union Territories in India now. 

The Correct Answer is Article 56.

Key Points

• Article 52 to 78 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the Union Executive. The union executive consists of the president, the vice president, the prime minister, the council of ministers, and the Attorney General of India.
• The president (article 52) is the head of the Indian state. He is head of all  Supreme Commander of all the armed forces.
• He is the first citizen of the country and acts as the symbol of the integrity and solidarity of the nation.
• Article 38-State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people.
• Article 36- Definition of State which is given in Article 12
• Article 56 -Term of office of President. (5 Years)

Important Points 

• Articles Related to President of India:

The correct answer is Article 149.

• Article 148 to 151 of the Indian constitution deals with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
• The authority of the comptroller and auditor general (CAG) of India is established by Article 148.
• Article 149 prescribes the duties of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

Key Points

• The Comptroller and Auditor General of India enjoy the same status as a judge of the Supreme Court of India.
• The CAG is appointed by the president of India.
• CAG submits his resignation letter to the president.
• CAG holds office for a term of 6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier.
• CAG is the head of the Indian audits and accounts department.
• CAG is also called as the "ears and eyes of the Public Accounts Committee".

Additional Information

• V. Narahari Rao served as the first CAG of India.
• K. Sanjay Murthy is the incumbent CAG of India.
• Article 124 to 147 deals with the Supreme Court of India.

The correct answer is Article 32.

Key Points:

• Article 32 provides the right to Constitutional remedies which means that a person has the right to move to Supreme Court (and high courts also) for getting his fundamental rights protected. While the Supreme Court has the power to issue writs under Article 32, High Courts have been given the same powers under Article 226.

Important Points:

• Mandamus means "a command" which is issued by the court to enforce fundamental rights whenever a public officer or a government representative has committed an act of violating a person’s fundamental rights.
• Habeas Corpus means “to produce the body”  which is issued to let the court know the grounds of confinement. This protects an individual's Liberty.
• Quo Warranto means "By what authority". It is issued by the court to enquire into the legality of a claim which a person asserts to public office. This writ enables the public to see that a public office is not usurped.
• Certiorari means "to be certified". It is issued to a Lower court after a case has been decided by it, quashing the decision or order by the High court or Supreme court. It ensures that the jurisdiction of an inferior Court or Tribunal is properly exercised.

 Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Article 61.

Key Points

• Procedure for impeachment of the President: 
  • When a President is impeached for violating the Constitution, either House of Parliament must support the charge. No such charge shall be preferred until it is accepted by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House.
  • When either House of Parliament prefers an accusation, the other House investigates or causes the charge to be investigated, with the President having the right to appear and be served during the investigation.
  • If a resolution is passed as a result of the investigation, with not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House from which the charge was investigated or caused to be investigated, declaring that the charge preferred against the President has been sustained, such resolution would have the effect of excluding the President from office as of the date on which the resolution is passed.

Additional Information

• On December 28, 1948, the Constituent Assembly debated Draft Article 50 (Article 61 of the Indian Constitution).
• The process for removing the President of India from office was outlined in the Draft Article.

Important Points

The correct answer is 93.

Key Points

   Lok Sabha - 

• Lok Sabha is the lower house of India's bicameral parliament.
• Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can be dissolved earlier by the President on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
• The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution is 550, which is made up by the election of up to 530 members to represent the States, up to 20 members to represent the Union Territories.
• It is also known as the " House of people".
• Lok Sabha was founded on 17th April 1952.
• The term limit of this house is 5 years.

​ Important Points

  Speaker and Deputy Speaker -

• He is the presiding officer of Lok Sabha.
• He is elected in the first meeting of Lok Sabha following the process of general elections.
• The current Lok Sabha speaker is Om Birla.
• The Deputy Speaker is the second highest authority in Lok Sabha.
• They act as presiding officers in the absence of a speaker.

The correct answer is Article 17.

Key Points

• Article 17:-
  • Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
  • Indian Parliament passed an Untouchability (offenses) Act in 1955.
  • Article 17 was adopted by the constituent assembly with slogans of “Mahatma Gandhi ki Jai”
  • The term ‘untouchability’ is not defined in the Constitution or in the Act.

Additional Information

•  Important Articles of Indian constitution

  Article	Deals with
  Article 14	Equality before Law.
  Article 19	Freedom of Speech & Expression.
  Article 21	Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
  Article 21a	Right to Education.
  Article 32	Constitutional Remedies.
  Article 44	Uniform Civil code.
  Article 51a	Fundamental Duties.
  Article 112	Budget.
  Article 324	Election Commission.
  Article 343	Official Languages.
  Article 352	National Emergency.
  Article 368	Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution.
  Article 370	Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir(Revoked).